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Olaf the Peacock
Olaf the Peacock (Old Norse: ''Ólafr Pái'') or Olaf Hoskuldsson (Ólafr Höskuldsson) (c. 938–1006)〔Magnusson 267〕 was a merchant and chieftain of the early Icelandic Commonwealth, who was nicknamed "the Peacock" because of his proud bearing and magnificent wardrobe. He is a major character in the ''Laxdæla saga'' and is mentioned in a number of other Icelandic sources. The son of a slave woman, Olaf became one of the wealthiest landowners in Iceland and played a major role in its politics and society during the latter half of the tenth century. In addition to the ''Laxdæla Saga'' in which he takes a leading role, Olaf also is mentioned in ''Egils saga'', ''Njáls saga'', ''Gunnlaugs saga'', ''Kormáks saga'', ''Grettirs saga'' and the ''Landnámabók'', among others.
==Birth and upbringing==
Olaf was the son of Hoskuld Dala-Kollsson, a chieftain who lived in the Laxardal region.〔Hoskuld was the grandson of Thorstein the Red through his daughter Thorgerd Thorsteinsdottir. ''Laxdaela Saga'' § 5 (Magnusson 53).〕 According to ''Laxdæla Saga'', Hoskuld purchased a mute thrall-woman from a Rus' merchant on Brännö while on a trading expedition to Norway, and made her his concubine while away from his wife Jorunn Bjarnadottir.〔''Lax.'' § 12 (Magnusson 63).〕 When Hoskuld returned home to Iceland, he took the concubine with him. Despite Jorunn's irritation, the concubine was accepted into Hoskuld's household, though he remained faithful to Jorunn while in Iceland. The following winter the concubine gave birth to a son, to whom they gave the name Olaf after Hoskuld's uncle, Olaf Feilan, who had recently died.〔''Lax.'' § 13 (Magnusson 67).〕 ''Landnámabók'' mentions that Hoskuld and Melkorka had another son, Helgi, but he does not appear in ''Laxdæla''.〔Ari 2:18.〕
According to ''Laxdæla saga'', Olaf was a precocious child, and could speak and walk perfectly by the age of two. One day Hoskuld discovered Olaf's mother speaking to her son; she was not, in fact, mute.〔''Lax.'' § 13 (Magnusson 68).〕 When he confronted her she told him that she was an Irish princess named Melkorka carried off in a Viking raid, and that her father was an Irish king named "Myrkjartan" (Muirchertach).〔''Lax.'' § 13 (Magnusson 68). Magnusson notes that there were a number of contemporary Irish petty kings by this name. Magnusson 68 at n.1〕 Shortly thereafter squabbling between Jorunn and Melkorka forced Hoskuld to move his concubine and his son by her to a different farm, which thereafter was known as Melkorkustaðir.〔''Lax.'' § 13 (Magnusson 69).〕
At the age of seven, over his mother's objections, Olaf became the foster son and heir of a wealthy but childless ''goði'' named Thord, who was at the time engaged in complex litigation with the kinsmen of his ex-wife Vigdis Ingjaldsdottir (another descendent of Thorstein the Red). Olaf's adoption complicated the issues in the suit and threatened to lead to a blood feud, but Hoskuld arranged a settlement and compensated Vigdis' kinsmen with gifts.〔''Lax.'' § 16 (Magnusson 75–77).〕 By fostering Olaf Thord gained the protection of the powerful Hoskuld, and Hoskuld secured an inheritance for his illegitimate son beyond the limited amount he was permitted to leave to Olaf under Icelandic law.〔Byock 279-281.〕 Olaf accompanied Thord to the Althing when he was twelve years old, and his fancy clothing earned him the admiring nickname "the Peacock."〔''Lax.'' § 16 (Magnusson 75–77).〕
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